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  1. 1 2 Habibi, Don (2001). “Chapter 3, Mill’s Moral Philosophy”. John Stuart Mill and the Ethic of Human Growth. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands. tr. 89–90, 112. ISBN 978-90-481-5668-9. 
  2. ↑ John Stuart Mill (1861) Utilitarianism, footnote 1.
  3. ↑ “SUMMA THEOLOGICA: Man's last end (Prima Secundae Partis, Q. 1)”. newadvent.org. 
  4. ↑ “SUMMA THEOLOGICA: Things in which man's happiness consists (Prima Secundae Partis, Q. 2)”. newadvent.org. 
  5. ↑ “SUMMA THEOLOGICA: What is happiness (Prima Secundae Partis, Q. 3)”. newadvent.org. 
  6. ↑ “SUMMA THEOLOGICA: Things that are required for happiness (Prima Secundae Partis, Q. 4)”. newadvent.org. 
  7. ↑ “SUMMA THEOLOGICA: The attainment of happiness (Prima Secundae Partis, Q. 5)”. newadvent.org. 
  8. ↑ Fraser, Chris (2011). The Oxford Handbook of World Philosophy. Oxford University Press. tr. 62. ISBN 978-0-19-532899-8. 
  9. ↑ Warburton, Nigel (2000). Reading Political Philosophy: Machiavelli to Mill. Psychology Press. tr. 10. ISBN 978-0-415-21197-0. 
  10. ↑ Hume, David (2002). “An Enquiry Concerning the Principles of Morals”. Trong Schneewind, J. B. Moral Philosophy from Montaigne to Kant. Cambridge University Press. tr. 552. ISBN 978-0521003049. 
  11. ↑ Ashcraft, Richard (1991) John Locke: Critical Assessments (Critical assessments of leading political philosophers), Routledge, p. 691
  12. ↑ Gay, John (2002). “Concerning the Fundamental Principle of Virtue or Morality”. Trong Schneewind, J. B. Moral Philosophy from Montaigne to Kant. Cambridge University Press. tr. 408. ISBN 978-0521003049. 
  13. ↑ Gay, John (2002). “Concerning the Fundamental Principle of Virtue or Morality”. Trong Schneewind, J. B. Moral Philosophy from Montaigne to Kant. Cambridge University Press. tr. 404–05. ISBN 978-0521003049. 
  14. ↑ Schneewind, J. B. (2002). Moral Philosophy from Montaigne to Kant. Cambridge University Press. tr. 446. ISBN 978-0521003049. 
  15. ↑ Smith, Wilson (Jul., 1954) William Paley's Theological Utilitarianism in America, The William and Mary Quarterly Third Series, Vol. 11, No. 3, Published by: Omohundro Institute of Early American History and Culture, pp. 402–24
  16. ↑ Schneewind, J. B. (1977). Sidgwick's Ethics and Victorian Moral Philosophy. Oxford University Press. tr. 122. ISBN 978-0198245520. 
  17. ↑ Paley, William (2002). “The Principles of Moral and Political Philosophy”. Trong Schneewind, J. B. Moral Philosophy from Montaigne to Kant. Cambridge University Press. tr. 455–56. ISBN 978-0521003049. 
  18. 1 2 Rosen, Frederick (2003) Classical Utilitarianism from Hume to Mill.
  19. ↑ Schneewind, J.B. (1977) Sidgwick's Ethics and Victorian Moral Philosophy, Oxford: Clarendon Press, p. 122
  20. ↑ Bentham, Jeremy (tháng 1 năm 2009). An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation (Dover Philosophical Classics). Dover Publications Inc. tr. 1. ISBN 978-0486454528. 
  21. ↑ An Inquiry into the Original of Our Ideas of Beauty and Virtue – Francis Hutcheson, Introduction, 1726
  22. ↑ Bentham, Jeremy; Dumont, Etienne; Hildreth, R (tháng 11 năm 2005). Theory of Legislation: Translated from the French of Etienne Dumont. Adamant Media Corporation. tr. 58. ISBN 978-1402170348. 
  23. ↑ Halevy, Elie (1966). The Growth of Philosophic Radicalism. Beacon Press. tr. 282–84. ISBN 0-19-101020-0. 
  24. ↑ Hinman, Lawrence (2012). Ethics: A Pluralistic Approach to Moral Theory. Wadsworth. ISBN 1133050018. 
  25. ↑ Mill, John Stuart (1998). Crisp, Roger, biên tập. Utilitarianism. Oxford University Press. tr. 56. ISBN 0-19-875163-X. 
  26. ↑ Mill, John Stuart (1998). Crisp, Roger, biên tập. Utilitarianism. Oxford University Press. tr. 56–57. ISBN 0-19-875163-X. 
  27. ↑ John Stuart Mill,Utilitarianism,Chapter 2
  28. ↑ Mill, John Stuart (1998). Crisp, Roger, biên tập. Utilitarianism. Oxford: Oxford University Press. tr. 81. ISBN 0-19-875163-X. 
  29. ↑ Hall, Everett W. (1949). “The 'Proof' of Utility in Bentham and Mill”. Ethics 60: 1–18. 
  30. ↑ Popkin, Richard H. (1950). “A Note on the 'Proof' of Utility in J. S. Mill”. Ethics 61: 66–68. 
  31. ↑ Moore, G. E. (1912).
  32. ↑ Bayles, M. D., ed. (1968) Contemporary Utilitarianism, Anchor Books, Doubleday
  33. ↑ Mill, John Stuart (1998). Crisp, Roger, biên tập. Utilitarianism. Oxford University Press. tr. 70. ISBN 0-19-875163-X. 
  34. ↑ Bayles, M. D., ed. (1968) Contemporary Utilitarianism, Anchor Books, Doubleday, p. 1
  35. ↑ Smart, J.J.C. (1956). “Extreme and Restricted Utilitarianism”. The Philosophical Quarterly VI: 344–54. JSTOR 2216786. doi:10.2307/2216786. 
  36. ↑ McCloskey, H.J. (tháng 10 năm 1957). “An Examination of Restricted Utilitarianism”. The Philosophical Review 66 (4): 466–85. JSTOR 2182745. doi:10.2307/2182745. 
  37. ↑ Mill, John Stuart, The Collected Works of John Stuart Mill.
  38. ↑ Oliphant, Jill, OCR Religious Ethics for AS and A2, Routledge, (2007)
  39. ↑ David Lyons, Forms and Limits of Utilitarianism, 1965
  40. ↑ Allen Habib (2008), Promises, in the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
  41. ↑ Hare, R. M. (1972–1973). “The Presidential Address: Principles”. Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society, New Series 73: 1–18. JSTOR 4544830. doi:10.1093/aristotelian/73.1.1. 
  42. ↑ Hare, R.M. (1981). Moral thinking: its levels, method, and point. Oxford New York: Clarendon Press Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780198246602. 
  43. 1 2 Harsanyi, John C. (1982), “Morality and the theory of rational behaviour”, trong Sen, Amartya; Williams, Bernard, Utilitarianism and beyond, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, tr. 39–62, ISBN 9780511611964. 
  44. ↑ Singer, Peter (1979). Practical ethics (ấn bản 1). Cambridge New York: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521297202. 
  45. ↑ Brandt, Richard B. (1979). A theory of the good and the right. Oxford New York: Clarendon Press Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780198245506. 
  46. ↑ Fricke Fabian (2002), Verschiedene Versionen des negativen Utilitarismus, Kriterion, vol.15, no.1, pp. 20–22
  47. ↑ {Chao, "Negative Average Preference Utilitarianism", Journal of Philosophy of Life, 2012; 2(1): 55–66
  48. ↑ Fricke Fabian(2002), Verschiedene Versionen des negativen Utilitarismus, Kriterion, vol.15, no.1, p. 14
  49. ↑ Broome John (1991), Weighing Goods, Oxford: Basil Blackwell, p. 222
  50. ↑ Bruno Contestabile: Negative Utilitarianism and Buddhist Intuition.
  51. ↑ Robert Merrihew Adams, Motive Utilitarianism, The Journal of Philosophy, Vol. 73, No. 14, On Motives and Morals (ngày 12 tháng 8 năm 1976), pp. 467–81
  52. ↑ Goodin, Robert E. "Utilitarianism as a Public Philosophy" (Cambridge Studies in Philosophy and Public Policy), Cambridge University Press, p. 60
  53. ↑ Goodin, Robert E. "Utilitarianism as a Public Philosophy" (Cambridge Studies in Philosophy and Public Policy), Cambridge University Press, p. 17
  54. ↑ Robert Merrihew Adams, Motive Utilitarianism, The Journal of Philosophy, Vol. 73, No. 14, On Motives and Morals (ngày 12 tháng 8 năm 1976), p. 467
  55. ↑ Robert Merrihew Adams, Motive Utilitarianism, The Journal of Philosophy, Vol. 73, No. 14, On Motives and Morals (ngày 12 tháng 8 năm 1976), p. 471
  56. ↑ Robert Merrihew Adams, Motive Utilitarianism, The Journal of Philosophy, Vol. 73, No. 14, On Motives and Morals (ngày 12 tháng 8 năm 1976), p. 475
  57. ↑ Feldman, Fred, On the Consistency of Act- and Motive-Utilitarianism: A Reply to Robert Adams, Philosophical Studies: An International Journal for Philosophy in the Analytic Tradition, Vol. 70, No. 2 (May, 1993), pp. 211–12
  58. ↑ Hare, R. M. (1981) Moral Thinking.
  59. ↑ Bentham, Jeremy (2009) Theory of Legislation.
  60. ↑ McCloskey, H.J. (1963) A Note on Utilitarian Punishment, in Mind, 72, 1963, p. 599
  61. ↑ Dennett, Daniel (1995), Darwin's Dangerous Idea, Simon & Schuster, p. 498 ISBN 0-684-82471-X.
  62. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 Chú thích trống (trợ giúp) 
  63. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Chú thích trống (trợ giúp) 
  64. ↑ Ryder, Richard D. Painism: A Modern Morality.
  65. ↑ In Moral Laws of the Jungle (link to Philosophy Now magazine), Iain King argues: "The way I reconcile my interests with those of other people is not for all of us to pour everything we care about into a pot then see which of the combination of satisfied wants would generate the most happiness (benefit).
  66. ↑ This quote is from Iain King's article in issue 100 of Philosophy Now magazine, Moral Laws of the Jungle (link), accessed ngày 29 tháng 1 năm 2014.
  67. ↑ Chapter Eight of the book Ethics Matters by Charlotte Vardy, ISBN 978-0-334-04391-1 (published by SCM Press, April 2012), entitled "Developments in Utilitarianism", describes Iain King's philosophy as "quasi-utilitarian", and suggests it is an original "development" on the utilitarian theme.
  68. ↑ John M. Taurek, "Should the Numbers Count?"
  69. ↑ Derek Parfit, "Innumerate Ethics", Philosophy and Public Affairs, 7:4 (Summer 1978), pp. 285–301.
  70. ↑ See for example: (1) Frances Myrna Kamm, "Equal Treatment and Equal Chances", Philosophy and Public Affairs, 14:2 (Spring 1985), pp. 177–94; (2) Gregory S. Kavka, "The Numbers Should Count", Philosophical Studies, 36:3 (October 1979), pp. 285–94.
  71. ↑ See for example: (1) Michael Otsuka, "Skepticism about Saving the Greater Number", Philosophy and Public Affairs, 32:4 (Autumn 2004), pp. 413–26; (2) Rob Lawlor, "Taurek, Numbers and Probabilities", Ethical Theory and Moral Practice, 9:2 (April 2006), pp. 149–66.
  72. ↑ Mill, John Stuart. “Utilitarianism, Chapter 2”. Truy cập ngày 24 tháng 6 năm 2012. 
  73. ↑ Das Kapital Volume I Chapter 24 endnote 50
  74. ↑ “Archived copy”. Bản gốc lưu trữ ngày 5 tháng 4 năm 2011. Truy cập ngày 1 tháng 4 năm 2011. 
  75. ↑ Paley, William (1785). “The Principles of Moral and Political Philosophy”. Truy cập ngày 1 tháng 7 năm 2012. 
  76. ↑ Dancy, Jonathan (2000). “Mill's Puzzling Footnote”. Utilitas 12: 219–22. doi:10.1017/S095382080000279X. 
  77. ↑ An Introduction to the Principals of Morals and Legislation, Jeremy Bentham, 1789 ("printed" in 1780, "first published" in 1789, "corrected by the Author" in 1823.
  78. ↑ Peter Singer, Animal Liberation, Chapter I, pp. 7–8, 2nd edition, 1990.
  79. ↑ “Mill's "On Nature"”. www.lancaster.ac.uk. 1904. Truy cập ngày 9 tháng 8 năm 2015. 
  80. ↑ “The Optimal Taxation of Height: A Case Study of Utilitarian Income Redistribution on JSTOR”. Truy cập 14 tháng 2 năm 2017. 
  81. ↑ Peter Singer: The why and how of effective altruism | Talk Video.